Ua ʻike nā mea hoʻohana pūnaewele hou i ka huaʻōlelo Wi-Fi. He ala ia e hoʻopili ai i ka pūnaewele me ke kelepona. ʻO Wi-Fi kahi hōʻailona kūʻai nona ka Wi-Fi Alliance. ʻO kēia hui ke kuleana no ka hōʻoia ʻana i nā huahana Wi-Fi inā lākou e hoʻokō i nā kūlana uila 802.11 i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka IEEE. He aha kēia mau kūlana? ʻO lākou ke kumu o nā kikoʻī e ulu mau ana i ka wā e loaʻa ai nā alapine hou. Me kēlā me kēia maʻamau hou, ʻo ka pahuhopu ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka throughput a me ka laulā.
Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kēia mau maʻamau inā ʻoe e ʻimi nei e kūʻai i nā mea hana pūnaewele uea hou. Aia kekahi pūʻulu o nā kūlana like ʻole me kēlā me kēia me kā lākou hoʻonohonoho ponoʻī. No ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o kahi maʻamau hou ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo e loaʻa koke ia i ka mea kūʻai aku a pono ʻoe e hoʻololi i ia. ʻO ka maʻamau e koho ai ma muli o kāu mau koi.
ʻIke pinepine nā mea kūʻai i nā inoa maʻamau i paʻakikī ke hoʻomaopopo. ʻO ia ma muli o ka papa inoa i hāpai ʻia e ka IEEE. I kēia mau lā (i ka makahiki 2018), ua manaʻo ka Wi-Fi Alliance e hoʻohana i nā inoa maʻamau. No laila, ua loaʻa iā lākou nā inoa maʻamau / helu helu maʻalahi. ʻO nā inoa maʻalahi, akā, no nā kūlana hou. A, pili mau ʻo IEEE i nā kūlana e hoʻohana ana i ka papahana kahiko. No laila, he manaʻo maikaʻi e kamaʻāina pū me ka papa inoa IEEE.
ʻIkepili[ huna ]
- Ua wehewehe ʻia nā kūlana Wi-Fi: 802.11ac, 802.11b/g/n, 802.11a
- He aha ka 802.11?
- 1. 802.11b
- 2. 802.11a
- 3. 802.11g
- 4. 802.11n
- 5. 802.11ac
- Nā kūlana Wi-Fi ʻē aʻe
- 1. 802.11ad
- 2. 802.11ah
- 3. 802.11aj
- 4. 802.11ak
- 5. 802.11ay
- 6. 802.11ax
Ua wehewehe ʻia nā kūlana Wi-Fi: 802.11ac, 802.11b/g/n, 802.11a
ʻO kekahi o nā kūlana Wi-Fi hou he 802.11n, 802.11ac, a me 802.11ax. Hiki i kēia mau inoa ke huikau i ka mea hoʻohana. No laila, ʻo nā inoa i hāʻawi ʻia i kēia mau maʻamau e ka Wi-Fi Alliance ʻo ia - Wi-Fi 4, Wi-Fi 5, a me W-Fi 6. E ʻike paha ʻoe aia nā kūlana āpau i '802.11' i loko o lākou.
He aha ka 802.11?
Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻo 802.11 ʻo ia ke kumu kumu i kūkulu ʻia ai nā huahana uila ʻē aʻe. ʻO 802.11 ka mua WLAN maʻamau. Ua hana ʻia e IEEE i ka makahiki 1997. He 66 kapuaʻi kona ākea i loko a he 330 kapuaʻi waho waho. ʻAʻole i hana hou ʻia nā huahana uila 802.11 ma muli o kona bandwidth haʻahaʻa (ʻaʻole hiki ke 2 Mbps). Eia nō naʻe, ua kūkulu ʻia nā mea maʻamau he nui a puni 802.11.
E nānā kākou i ke ʻano o ka ulu ʻana o nā kūlana Wi-Fi mai ka wā i hana ʻia ai ka WLAN mua. Kūkākūkā ʻia ma lalo nei nā kūlana Wi-Fi like ʻole i piʻi mai ka 802.11, i ka hoʻonohonoho manawa.
1. 802.11b
ʻOiai ʻo 802.11 ka maʻamau WLAN mua loa, ʻo 802.11b ka mea i kaulana ʻo Wi-Fi. 2 makahiki ma hope o 802.11, i Kepakemapa 1999, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka 802.11b. ʻOiai ua hoʻohana mau ʻo ia i ka alapine lekiō like o 802.11 (ma kahi o 2.4 GHz), ua piʻi ka wikiwiki mai 2 Mbps a i 11 Mbps. ʻO kēia ka wikiwiki o ka manaʻo. I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻo ka bandwidth i manaʻo ʻia ʻo 5.9 Mbps (no TCP ) a me 7.1 Mbps (no UDP ). ʻAʻole ʻo ia wale nō ka mea kahiko akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka māmā ma waena o nā kūlana āpau. 802.11b ma kahi o 150 kapuaʻi.
Ke hoʻohana nei ʻo ia ma kahi alapine ʻole i hoʻoponopono ʻia, hiki i nā mea hana hale ʻē aʻe ma 2.4 GHz (e like me nā umu a me nā kelepona ʻole) hiki ke hoʻopilikia. Ua pale ʻia kēia pilikia ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka mea hana ma kahi mamao mai nā mea hana e hiki ke hoʻopilikia. Ua ʻae ʻia ʻo 802.11b a me kāna maʻamau 802.11a i ka manawa like, akā ʻo 802.11b ka mea i paʻi mua i nā mākeke.
2. 802.11a
Ua hana ʻia ʻo 802.11a i ka manawa like me 802.11b. ʻAʻole kūpono nā ʻenehana ʻelua ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o nā alapine. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo 802.11a ma kahi alapine 5GHz i emi iho ka lehulehu. No laila, ua hōʻemi ʻia nā manawa o ke keakea. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ke alapine kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā hāmeʻa 802.11a a ʻaʻole hiki ke komo maʻalahi nā hōʻailona i nā keakea.
Ua hoʻohana ʻo 802.11a i kahi ʻenehana i kapa ʻia ʻO ka hoʻonui pinepine ʻana o ka ʻāpana ʻo Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) e hana i ka hoailona uwea ole. Ua hoʻohiki ʻo 802.11a i kahi bandwidth ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe - he kiʻekiʻe theoretical o 54 Mbps. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi o nā polokalamu 802.11a i kēlā manawa, ua kaupalena ʻia kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i nā noi ʻoihana. ʻO 802.11b ka maʻamau maʻamau i waena o ka poʻe maʻamau. No laila, ʻoi aku ka kaulana ma mua o 802.11a.
3. 802.11g
Ua ʻae ʻia ʻo 802.11g i Iune 2003. Ua hoʻāʻo ka maʻamau e hoʻohui i nā pono i hāʻawi ʻia e nā pae hope ʻelua - 802.11a & 802.11b. No laila, hāʻawi ʻo 802.11g i ka bandwidth o 802.11a (54 Mbps). Akā, hāʻawi ia i kahi ʻoi aku ka nui ma ka hana ʻana ma ka alapine like me 802.11b (2.4 GHz). ʻOiai ʻaʻole kūpono nā pae hope ʻelua me kekahi, ʻo 802.11g ka hoʻi hope me 802.11b. 'O ia ho'i, hiki ke ho'ohana 'ia nā mea ho'ololi uea 'ole 802.11b me nā wahi komo 802.11g.
ʻO kēia ka maʻamau maʻamau liʻiliʻi loa i hoʻohana mau ʻia. ʻOiai hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā kākoʻo no ka ʻaneʻane o nā hāmeʻa uila a pau e hoʻohana ʻia nei i kēia lā, loaʻa iā ia kahi hemahema. Inā loaʻa kekahi mau polokalamu 802.11b i hoʻopili ʻia, lohi ka pūnaewele holoʻokoʻa e hoʻohālikelike i kona wikiwiki. No laila, ma waho aʻe o ka maʻamau kahiko loa i hoʻohana ʻia, ʻo ia ka lohi loa.
He lele nui kēia maʻamau i ka wikiwiki a me ka uhi. ʻO kēia ka manawa i ʻōlelo ai nā mea kūʻai aku e leʻaleʻa nā mea hoʻokele me ka uhi maikaʻi ma mua o nā kūlana mua.
4. 802.11n
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Wi-Fi 4 e ka Wi-Fi Alliance, ua ʻae ʻia kēia maʻamau i ʻOkakopa 2009. ʻO ia ka maʻamau mua i hoʻohana i ka ʻenehana MIMO. ʻO MIMO ke kū nei no Multiple Input Multiple Output . Ma kēia hoʻonohonoho, nui nā mea hoʻouna a me nā mea hoʻokipa e hana ma kekahi ʻaoʻao a i ʻole ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka loulou. He hoʻomohala nui kēia no ka mea ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hilinaʻi i ka bandwidth kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka mana no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻikepili.
Me 802.11n, ua ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki a ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi o Wi-Fi. Ua lohe paha ʻoe i ka huaʻōlelo pālua ʻelua mai nā mea kūʻai aku LAN. 'O ia ho'i, hā'awi 'ia ka 'ikepili ma waena o 2 mau alapine. Hana ʻo 802.11n ma 2 alapine - 2.45 GHz a me 5 GHz. Loaʻa iā 802.11n kahi bandwidth theoretical o 300 Mbps. Manaʻo ʻia hiki i ka wikiwiki ke hiki i 450 Mbps inā hoʻohana ʻia nā antennae 3. Ma muli o nā hōʻailona o ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, hāʻawi nā mea 802.11n i kahi ākea ʻoi aku ka nui ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā mea maʻamau o mua. Hāʻawi ʻo 802.11 i ke kākoʻo no kahi ākea o nā hāmeʻa uea ʻole. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o 802.11g. Eia kekahi, ke hoʻohana ʻia ma kahi kokoke me nā pūnaewele 802.11b/g, hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hōʻailona lehulehu.
Heluhelu pū: He aha ka Wi-Fi 6 (802.11 ax)?
5. 802.11ac
Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma 2014, ʻo ia ka maʻamau maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia lā. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo 802.11ac i ka inoa Wi-Fi 5 e ka Wi-Fi Alliance. ʻO nā mea hoʻokele kelepona home i kēia lā he Wi-Fi 5 hoʻokō a hana ʻia ma ke alapine 5GHz. Hoʻohana ia i ka MIMO, ʻo ia hoʻi he nui nā antenna ma ka hoʻouna ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea hana. Ua emi ka hewa a me ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka mea kūikawā ma aneʻi, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi multi-user MIMO. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia. Ma MIMO, nui nā kahawai i kuhikuhi ʻia i hoʻokahi mea kūʻai. Ma MU-MIMO, hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia nā kahawai spatial i nā mea kūʻai aku i ka manawa like. ʻAʻole paha kēia e hoʻonui i ka wikiwiki o ka mea kūʻai hoʻokahi. Akā ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka ʻikepili holoʻokoʻa o ka pūnaewele.
Kākoʻo ka maʻamau i nā pilina he nui ma nā alapine ʻelua kahi e hana ai - 2.5 GHz a me 5 GHz. Kākoʻo ʻo 802.11g i ʻehā kahawai ʻoiai kākoʻo kēia maʻamau i nā kahawai ʻokoʻa 8 i ka wā e hana ai ia i ka band frequency 5 GHz.
Hoʻohana ʻo 802.11ac i kahi ʻenehana i kapa ʻia he beamforming. Ma ʻaneʻi, hoʻouna nā antennae i nā hōʻailona lekiō e kuhikuhi ʻia lākou i kahi mea kikoʻī. Kākoʻo kēia maʻamau i nā helu ʻikepili a hiki i 3.4 Gbps. ʻO kēia ka manawa mua i piʻi ai ka wikiwiki o ka ʻikepili i gigabytes. ʻO ka bandwidth i hāʻawi ʻia ma kahi o 1300 Mbps ma ka band 5 GHz a me 450 Mbps ma ka band 2.4 GHz.
Hāʻawi ka maʻamau i ka laulā hōʻailona maikaʻi loa a me ka wikiwiki. Ua like kona hana me na pili uwea ma'amau. Eia naʻe, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana ma nā noi bandwidth kiʻekiʻe. Eia kekahi, ʻo ia ka maʻamau pipiʻi loa e hoʻokō.
Nā kūlana Wi-Fi ʻē aʻe
1. 802.11ad
Ua ʻōwili ʻia ka maʻamau i Dekemaba 2012. He maʻamau wikiwiki loa ia. Hoʻohana ia i ka wikiwiki hikiʻole o 6.7 Gbps. Ke hana nei ia ma ka 60 GHz alapine. ʻO ka pōʻino wale nō ka pōkole. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka wikiwiki i ʻōlelo ʻia inā aia ka hāmeʻa i loko o kahi radius 11 kapuaʻi mai ka wahi komo.
2. 802.11ah
ʻO 802.11ah ka inoa ʻo Wi-Fi HaLow. Ua'āponoʻia i ka mahinaʻo Kepakemapa 2016 a ua hoʻokuʻuʻia i Mei 2017. ʻO ka pahuhopu ka hāʻawiʻana i kahi maʻamau uila e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻohana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻO ia ka manaʻo no nā pūnaewele Wi-Fi e hele ana ma mua o ka hiki ʻana o nā pūʻulu 2.4 GHz a me 5 GHz maʻamau (ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pūnaewele e hana ana ma lalo o ka band 1 GH). Ma kēia maʻamau, hiki ke piʻi ka wikiwiki o ka ʻikepili i 347 Mbps. Kuhi ʻia ka maʻamau no nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e like me nā mea IoT. Me 802.11ah, hiki ke kamaʻilio ma nā pae lōʻihi me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu. Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokūkū ka maʻamau me ka ʻenehana Bluetooth.
3. 802.11aj
He mana hoʻololi iki ia o ka maʻamau 802.11ad. Hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma nā wahi e hana ana ma ka band 59-64 GHz (ʻo Kina nui). No laila, he inoa ʻē aʻe ka maʻamau - ʻo China Millimeter Wave. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ka hui Kina 45 GHz akā paʻa i hope me 802.11ad.
4. 802.11ak
Manaʻo ʻo 802.11ak e hāʻawi i ke kōkua me nā pilina kūloko i loko o nā pūnaewele 802.1q, i nā polokalamu i loaʻa ka mana 802.11. I Nowemapa 2018, ua loaʻa ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka ʻoliʻoli home a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe me ka mana 802.11 a me ka hana 802.3 ethernet.
5. 802.11ay
Loaʻa i ka maʻamau 802.11ad kahi throughput o 7 Gbps. 802.11ay, ka mea i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka hanauna hou 60GHz, manaʻo e hoʻokō i kahi throughput a hiki i 20 Gbps i ka 60GHz frequency band. ʻO nā pahuhopu hou - hoʻonui i ka laulā a me ka hilinaʻi.
6. 802.11ax
ʻIke kaulana ʻo Wi-Fi 6, ʻo ia ka hope o Wi-Fi 5. He nui nā pōmaikaʻi ma luna o Wi-Fi 5, e like me ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka paʻa ʻana i nā wahi lehulehu, ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe ʻoiai ke hoʻopili ʻia nā mea he nui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka beamforming, etc. … He WLAN maikaʻi loa ia. Manaʻo ia e hāʻawi i ka hana maikaʻi loa ma nā wahi paʻa e like me nā mokulele. ʻO ka wikiwiki i manaʻoʻia he 4 mau manawaʻoi aʻe ma mua o ka wikiwiki o kēia manawa ma Wi-Fi 5. Ke hana neiʻo ia ma keʻano likeʻole - 2.4 GHz a me 5 GHz. No ka mea ua hoʻohiki ʻo ia i ka palekana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a hoʻopau i ka mana liʻiliʻi, e hana ʻia nā mea uila āpau e hiki mai ana e like me ka Wi-Fi 6 compliant.
Manaʻo ʻia: He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kahi Router a me kahi Modem?
Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo
- ʻO nā kūlana Wi-Fi kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā kikoʻī no ka hoʻopili uila.
- Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia mau kūlana e ka IEEE a hōʻoia a ʻae ʻia e ka Wi-Fi Alliance.
- ʻAʻole ʻike nā mea hoʻohana he nui i kēia mau maʻamau ma muli o ka hoʻolālā inoa huikau i hāpai ʻia e ka IEEE.
- I mea e maʻalahi ai ka poʻe hoʻohana, ua hōʻano hou ka Wi-Fi Alliance i kekahi mau maʻamau Wi-Fi maʻamau me nā inoa hoʻohana.
- Me kēlā me kēia maʻamau hou, aia nā hiʻohiʻona hou, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, etc.
- ʻO ka maʻamau Wi-Fi maʻamau i kēia lā ʻo Wi-Fi 5.
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